Insights

In a significant decision for generic drug manufacturers, the Federal Circuit recently affirmed that litigation expenses incurred in defending Hatch-Waxman patent lawsuits are deductible as ordinary and necessary business expenses under the Internal Revenue Code (IRC). The ruling in Actavis Laboratories FL, Inc. v. United States, No. 23-1320 (Fed. Cir. Mar. 21, 2025), resolves a key tax dispute, allowing tax deductions for these expenses in the year they are incurred rather than capitalizing them over time. This outcome provides clarity and potential tax benefits for qualifying businesses navigating the interplay of patent litigation and FDA drug approvals.

Since its passage in 2022, the Inflation Reduction Act’s renewable energy tax credits have been in the crosshairs of Congressional Republicans. With many of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions expiring at the end of 2025, and a full plate of Trump and Congressional Republican Campaign promises for tax cuts in play, the Republicans have pointed to repeal of the IRA as a source of funding to pay for other tax breaks.

On October 24, 2024, Crowell & Moring LLP hosted its 38th Annual Managing Tax Audits and Appeals Seminar. The seminar featured several prominent IRS speakers and lively discussion among clients, including conversations about the following hot topics:

With a new President entering office in January 2025 and many key Tax Cuts and Jobs Act provisions expiring (TCJA) on December 31, 2025, both sides of the aisle are teeing up a massive effort to renew, extend, roll back, or make permanent various provisions of former President Trump’s signature tax bill and President Biden’s signature climate bill. Just about every business sector will be impacted by how Congress and the new administration approach TCJA and other tax issues. Here is a sneak peek into the top five issues our tax and policy experts expect to come up in that debate based on the campaign positions of Vice President Harris and former President Trump.

On Friday, June 28, 2024, the U.S. Supreme Court overruled Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council (“Chevron”)[1] in Loper Bright Enterprises v. Raimondo (No. 22-451) and Relentless v. Dep’t of Commerce (No. 22–1219)[2] (the two cases collectively referred to as “Loper Bright”), bringing an official end to the decades-old and eponymously named “Chevron deference” doctrine. Not content to stop there, the Court returned fresh to work Monday, July 1, to, in Corner Post, Inc. v. Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (No. 22-451)[3] (“Corner Post”), effectively extend the limitations period to challenge final agency actions under the Administrative Procedure Act (“APA”).

The Treasury and IRS published their final rules on transferability for clean energy tax credits on April 30, 2024. The final rules include very few changes from the proposed regulations and rejected many of the suggestions offered by commenters during the public hearing.

Tax partner Carina Federico and Tax counsel Eleanor Moran McWaters discuss IRA and Tax Exempt Entities.

Tax partner and co-chair Starling Marshall and tax partner Carina Federico discuss where they predict tax disputes may arise with the IRS related to the IRA clean energy provisions. 

Last week, the IRS announced plans to begin a campaign to audit personal use of business aircraft. The audits will focus on whether large corporations, partnerships and high-and ultra-high net worth aircraft owners have properly reported their business and personal aircraft usage for tax purposes, with a particular focus on ensuring that owners are only taking deductions to which they are entitled. Given the value of an aircraft, the amount of a deduction for aircraft related expenditures on a given taxpayer’s return can be in the tens of millions of dollars, and with more than 10,000 corporate jets operating in the U.S., IRS Commissioner Daniel Werfel recognized that much is at stake with this campaign.  The audit campaign is expected to focus initially on multinational and domestic corporations and complex partnerships but is expected to expand from there.

Tax partner and co-chair Christine Lane and tax partner Carina Federico discuss recent developments with the Inflation Reduction Act.

Tax partner Carina Federico is joined by Tyler O’Connor, an energy and government affairs partner, to discuss how the upcoming presidential election will affect the IRA.

This week, IRS Commissioner Daniel Werfel informed a crowd at a conference that the IRS was looking to reset its approach to ERC claims after implementing a moratorium on processing claims in September. Mr. Werfel communicated that the IRS is focused on changing the way it processes these claims and on communicating the eligibility criteria to taxpayers. He also indicated a willingness to work with employers who received the credit, but were not actually entitled to it, allowing taxpayers to pay back the funds to the IRS in a way that works for their businesses.

This week, the IRS announced a new withdrawal process to allow certain employers who filed an Employee Retention Credit (ERC) claim, but have not yet received a refund, to withdraw their submission. As discussed in our previous alert, the IRS recently announced a pause in processing new ERC claims, at least through the end of 2023, due to concerns that many recently filed claims are invalid.

The IRS recently announced that it will stop processing any new claims for the Employee Retention Credit (ERC) through at least the end of the year due to concerns that a large number of recent claims are invalid. The ERC, enacted as part of the CARES Act in 2020, provides a refundable tax credit for eligible employers impacted by the pandemic from March 13, 2020 through September 30, 2021.

On August 30, the U.S. Department of the Treasury (“Treasury”) published in the Federal Register proposed regulations addressing the prevailing wage and apprenticeship (“PWA”) requirements under Sections 45(b)(7) and (8) of the Inflation Reduction Act (“IRA”).  These proposed regulations incorporate and supplement the limited guidance issued previously, which includes Notice 2022-61, published by the Treasury in November 2022, as well as the Frequently Asked Questions (“FAQ”) on the Department of Labor’s IRA website.  The proposed regulations shed light on various issues of significance to taxpayers seeking the enhanced tax credits provided by the IRA, as well as other stakeholders. 

In the middle of the night, in many students’ dreams, they have nightmares that they turned in a school paper late and received a failing grade. Until recently, taxpayers who filed Tax Court petitions late sealed their fate—late petitions were routinely dismissed for lack of jurisdiction.

On June 14, 2023, the Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) released proposed regulations regarding the clean energy tax credits eligible for direct pay and transferability under the Inflation Reduction Act (IRA). The IRS also released FAQs for both direct pay and transferability, which provides further guidance to interested taxpayers.

The Treasury and IRS’s proposed guidance on the domestic content requirements under IRC Sections 45, 45Y, 48, and 48E generally track the Federal Transit Administration Buy America requirements, which represent a long-standing regime applicable to mass transportation infrastructure projects, with some important distinctions for the clean energy industry to consider when planning new projects.

On March 31st, the Treasury Department (“Treasury”) and the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) released proposed regulations (“Proposed Regulations”) under the Clean Vehicle Credit of Internal Revenue Code Section 30D, which provides a credit for the purchase and placing in service of certain new clean vehicles (“Section 30D Credit”). The Section 30D Credit was originally enacted in 2008 and has been amended several times. Most recently, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (“IRA”) made numerous amendments to the Section 30D Credit to promote the purchase and use of new clean vehicles made with battery components manufactured in North America and critical minerals sourced from the United States or countries with which the United States has a free trade agreement. The Section 30D Credit is treated as a personal or business credit depending on the use of the vehicle.  Businesses looking to transition their fleets should also consider the availability of the Credit for Qualified Commercial Clean Vehicles under Internal Revenue Code Section 45W. 

On March 23rd, the Treasury Department and the IRS published a notice of proposed rulemaking for the Section 48D Advanced Manufacturing Investment Credit (“Section 48D credit”) established by the CHIPS Act of 2022. Over the last few years, the market for semiconductors has been volatile, causing supply chain shortages. The Section 48D credit aims to incentivize investments in facilities that manufacture semiconductors or semiconductor manufacturing equipment in the United States, with the goal of creating American jobs and strengthening the U.S. economy and national security.